Models of the City
Every model studies the functional zonation of cities (division of cities into regions for functions).
Zones refer to areas with same function. Key economic zone is central business district aka downtown concentration of business/commerce with skyscrapers and whatnot.
Central cities are non-suburban urban areas aka old city and contain 30% of population. Suburbs are functional areas adjacent to centr[
](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PqG4ErqfxPs&t=485s)al city and have 50% of populuation.
Suburbanizatoin is the process by which lands outside of urban area -> urbanized as people and business from city move there, transforming large areas of land and isolating wealthyprimate citi people.
Modeling NA City
Concentric Zone Model
Developed by Ernest Burgess.
5 zones:
- CBD: financial, retail, theater
- Residential deterioriation/business and light manufacturing
- Blue collar labor force
- Middle class
- Surburban ring
Model is dynamic; CBD can invade Zone 2, which invades Zone 3.
Sector Model
Developed by Homer Hoyt.
City grows outwards from center -> low-rent area from CBD to outer edge -> pie shaped zones.
- low, intermediate, high rent residentials
- education/recreation
- transportation
- industrial
Others
Multiple nuclei model: CBD is losing dominance -> multiple nuclei
Most models are too simple to describe modern cities because of transportation and ring roads in 70s and 80s. Outer cities and suburbs now have separate economy -> edge cities. These then developed and surpaseed central cities in employment.
Urban realm describes spatial components of modern metropolis, where each realm is a separate economic, social, and politcal entity that forms a metropolis. Demonstrates how outer cities now influence central cities.