- poverty can occur in core
- Pine Ridge
- 60% in poverty
- per capita income of 6000
- rich coastal China vs poor interior provinces
- many political and social consequences of wealth gap
- periphery can have islands of development
- caused by government policy
Role of Governments §
- tariffs, trade agreements, taxation, land ownership rules, environmental regulations -> distribution of wealth
- Hurrican Katrina destroyed Ninth Ward in New Orleans
- government built levies and allowed settlement in flood-prone areas
- government had to clean up
- rural Wisconsin vs Appalachia
- Wisconsin: family farmers have great education, mechanized farm
- Appalachia: handscrabble farming, no education, basic farms
- contrast due to government policy (land grant uni, etc..)
- government policy can alleviate uneven development
- Appalachian Regional Comission in 1965 invested heavily in Appalachia
- US quotas -> countries buy/sell their capacity to export to US to corporations
- Sri Lanka sells their high quota and cheap labor
Islands of Development §
- governments prioritize capital cities
- no benefit, just showing off
- creates primate cities
- some countries have new capital cities to separate from colonial past
- Nigeria: Lagos -> ethnically neutral Abuja
- Pakistan: Karachi -> Islamabad (historically important interior/north)
- Brazil: RdJ -> Brasilia to focus on sparsely populated, poor interior
- can be created by corporations who focus on certain cities
Creating Growth in Periphery of the Periphery §
- NGOs try helping the super impoverished
- almost like a separate state
- 20,000 NGOs in Bangladesh
- microcredit programs in South Asian and South America give loans to poor, especially women