- Industrial Revolution -> Second Agricultural Revolution
- Americas -> better crops to Europe
- government policy
- GrBr Enclosure Act -> small plots -> huge farm -> field rotation -> more efficient
- tech
- seed drill
- livestock breeds for more milk or mewat
- better agriculture -> bigger population -> secondary economy growth
- innovation near 1900s -> sustained revolution
- train -> Great Plains agriculture
- engine -> tractor, other equipment
Spatial Layout of Agriculture §
- Thunen noticed distance from city -> different crops
- Von Thunen model: concentric circles of agriculture
- central city
- market gardening and dairying
- forest
- field crops
- ranching, livestock
- Liu noticed that in Chinese villages, land quality/treatment ∝ distance from village
Third Agricultural Revolution §
- Green Revolution
- American Midwest
- Science -> GMO
- Corn from maize in Mexico
- Rice in Asia
- resistant to pests, disease, etc…
- GMO helped with global hunger
- impact depends on geography
- didn’t help Africa as much
- cons
- pollen dispersal
- super pests
- pesticide and chemical fertlizer -> bad groundwater
- subsistence farmers suffer
New GMOs §
- 75% of processed food in US
- resistance due to health/taste
- “foreign idea invasion”
Regional and Local Change §
- Latin America
- cash crops -> low local consumption crop production
- subsistence farming -> marginal lands
- Asia
- Green Revolution -> cereal crops
- small production, manual labor
- Subsaharan Africa
- exports decreased
- small and manual labor
- women are oppressed even though they do all the manual work
- 85% in Africa
- 75% in China
- 70% in India